Cinder Cone Volcanoes: Basic volcano, rare. They are built from particles and blobs of lava that come from a single vent. The lava hardens into "cinders" and forms a circular cone.
Examples= Sunset Crater and Paricutin.
Composite/Stratovolcanoes: These build up from explosive/effusive eruptions. They are characterized by steep slopes and layers of tephra that alternate with layers of viscous felsic lava, which together create steep sided cones. These volcanoes grow until the slopes exceed the threshold of stability and collapse. Examples= Mt. St. Helens, Mt. Fuji, Mt. Rainer
Shield Volcanoes= These form by the effusive eruptions of fluid mafic lava. Lava flow upon flow slowly builds up the broad gently sloping volcanic shape. Examples= Mauna Loa, Hawaii.
Calderas: In these the largest and most effusive eruption eject tons of magma. When a large volume of magma is removed beneath a volcano the ground collapses into the empty space and forms a huge depression also known as a caldera. Example= Yellowstone.
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