-Central Vent: Opening from which lava flows
-Magma Chamber: Source of molten materials that flow to surface during eruption
-Fissure: Connects vents to magma chamber
-Caldera: Bowl-like depression at the top of a volcano, can be created either by collapse caused by empty magma reservoir or by volcano blowing its top off. Bodies of water often form in the caldera after eruption.
Types of Eruptions:
-Hawaiian: Lava streams
-Strombolian: Huge clots of molten lava burst from summit crater to form luminous arcs through the sky.
-Vulcanian: Dense cloud of ash-laden gas explodes and rises above peek.
-Plinian: Most powerful eruption, explosive ejection of viscous lava, ash and gas travel tens of miles into the air.
Types of Volcanoes:
-Cinder Cone Volcanoes: Simplest type of volcano; rare; eruption: lava cools very quickly and little rocks fall and build on sides of volcano.
-Example: Sunset Crator-Arizona
-Composite/Stratovolcanoes: Explosive and effusive eruptions; piroclastic flows and lava; magma-- high viscosity, flows slowly and hardens while sliding down volcano.
-Example: Mount Rainier-Washington
-Shield Volcanoes: Form by effusive eruptions of fluid, mafic lava; lava flow upon lava flow builds a broad, gently sloping volcanic shape; form on ocean floor over a hot spot; very wide and shallow.
-Example: Mauna Loa-Hawaii
-Calderas: Largest and most explosive volcanic eruptions; huge magma chamber; crater (depression) forms on top around the central vent; ponds and lakes accumulate in calderas after large explosions.
-Example: Yellowstone-Wyoming
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